![]() ![]() The velocity of the fluid in each of these intervals can be determined with the following equations. critical velocity of the drilling fluid verses depth, crossover points.The first step in hydraulics calculations is to determine which stage of flow is occurring in each geometric interval of the well.–Different equations are also required to calculate the pressure losses in the annulus and drillstring because of different geometries. –These differences make it necessary to use different equations to determine the pressure losses in laminar and turbulent flow. Fluids in laminar flow “act”differently than fluids in turbulent flow.–This is especially true in extended-reach drilling. ![]() the Reynolds number for pipe flow and annular flow can be respectively expressed in U.S. It is imperative to optimize drilling fluid hydraulics by controlling the rheological properties of the drilling fluid to avoid reaching this theoretical limit. In-depth coverage of both on- and offshore drilling hydraulics.–The pressure ratings of the pump liners and surface equipment and the number of mud pumps available limit the circulating system to a maximum allowable circulating pressure. ![]()
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